Phuma ku-Tech ukuze Wethule Ukushaja Imoto Ehlakaniphile Kagesi

Ingabe abaphathi bezitolo ezidayisa ukudla badinga ukuba ngochwepheshe bamandla asebemnkantshubomvu ukuze bazijwayeze nethrendi ekhula ngokushesha yemoto kagesi (EV)?Akunjalo, kodwa bangenza isinqumo esinolwazi kakhulu ngokuqonda uhlangothi lobuchwepheshe lwezibalo.
Nazi ezinye izinto eziguquguqukayo okufanele uhlale uzibhekile, noma ngabe umsebenzi wakho wansuku zonke ugxile kakhulu ekubalweni kwezimali kanye namasu ebhizinisi kunobunjiniyela bukagesi noma ukuphathwa kwenethiwekhi.
Abenzi bomthetho ngonyaka odlule bagunyaze amaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-7.5 ukwakha inethiwekhi yamashaja ezimoto zikagesi zomphakathi ezingu-500,000, kodwa bafuna imali iye kuphela kumashaja e-DC anamandla.
Ziba izichasiso ezifana nokuthi "ishesha kakhulu" noma "ishesha umbani" ezikhangisweni zeshaja ye-DC.Ngenkathi uxhaso lukahulumeni lusaqhubeka, bheka okokusebenza kwe-Tier 3 okuhlangabezana nokucaciswa okuvezwe kuhlelo lwefomula ye-National Electric Vehicle Infrastructure (NEVI).Okungenani kumashaja ezimoto zabagibeli, lokhu kusho phakathi kuka-150 no-350 kW esiteshini ngasinye.
Ngokuzayo, amashaja e-DC anamandla aphansi angase asetshenziswe ezitolo noma ezindaweni zokudlela lapho ikhasimende elivamile lichitha khona isikhathi singaphezu kwamaminithi angu-25.Izitolo ezikhula ngokushesha zidinga okokusebenza okuhlangabezana namazinga okwakhiwa kwe-NEVI.
Izidingo ezengeziwe ezihlobene nokufakwa, ukulungiswa kanye nokusebenza kweshaja nazo ziyingxenye yesithombe esiphelele.Abathengisi be-FMCG bangathintana nabameli nonjiniyela bakagesi ukuze bathole indlela engcono kakhulu yokuwina uxhaso lokushaja nge-EV.Onjiniyela bangaphinda baxoxe ngemininingwane yobuchwepheshe ethinta kakhulu isivinini sokushaja, njengokuthi ingabe idivayisi iyisakhiwo esizimele noma esihlukene.
Uhulumeni waseMelika ufuna izimoto zikagesi zenze ingxenye yazo zonke izimoto ezintsha ezidayisiwe ngo-2030, kodwa ukufinyelela kulowo mgomo kungase kudinge izikhathi ezingu-20 amashaja ezimoto zikagesi zomphakathi amanje alinganiselwa ku-160 000 ezweni, noma ngokwezinye izilinganiso, cishe ziyizigidi ezingu-3.2 sezizonke.
Ungawabeka kuphi wonke la mashaja?Okokuqala, uhulumeni ufuna ukubona okungenani amashaja amane e-Level 3 njalo ngamamayela angu-50 noma ngaphezulu emihubheni emikhulu yezokuthutha ye-Interstate Highway System.Umzuliswano wokuqala wokuxhasa ngemali amashaja ezimoto zikagesi ugxile kulo mgomo.Imigwaqo yesibili izovela kamuva.
Amanethiwekhi e-C angasebenzisa uhlelo lwenhlangano ukuze anqume ukuthi azovula kuphi noma avuselele izitolo ngohlelo lokushaja imoto kagesi.Nokho, isici esibalulekile ukwanela komthamo wenethiwekhi yendawo.
Isebenzisa indawo kagesi evamile egaraji lasekhaya, ishaja yeLeveli 1 ingashaja imoto kagesi emahoreni angama-20 kuye kwangama-30.Ileveli 2 isebenzisa uxhumano oluqinile futhi ingashaja imoto kagesi emahoreni angu-4 kuya kwangu-10.Ileveli 3 ingashaja imoto yabagibeli emizuzwini engu-20 noma engu-30, kodwa ukushaja okusheshayo kudinga amandla engeziwe.(Kodwa-ke, uma iqoqo elisha labaqalisi bezobuchwepheshe lifika ngendlela yalo, i-Tier 3 ingahamba ngokushesha kakhulu; sekuvele kunezimangalo zemizuzu eyi-10 ngenkokhiso eyodwa kusetshenziswa isistimu esekelwe ku-flywheel.)
Kushaja ngayinye yeLeveli 3 esitolo esithenga kalula, izidingo zamandla zingakhula ngokushesha.Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi uma ulayisha iloli elidonsa kanzima.Iseviswa ngamashaja asheshayo angu-600 kW nangaphezulu, anamandla ebhethri asukela ku-500 kilowatt amahora (kWh) kuya ku-1 megawatt hour (MWh).Uma kuqhathaniswa, kuthatha umndeni waseMelika ojwayelekile inyanga yonke ukusebenzisa cishe u-890 kWh kagesi.
Konke lokhu kusho ukuthi izitolo ezisebenza ngogesi ezigxile ezimotweni zizoba nomthelela omkhulu ochungechungeni lwendawo.Ngenhlanhla, kunezindlela zokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwakho kwalawa masayithi.Amashaja asheshayo angaklanywa ukuthi ashintshele kumodi yokwabelana ngamandla lapho amazinga wokushaja ezimbobo eziningi ekhuphuka.Ake sithi unesiteshi sokushaja esinamandla amakhulu angu-350 kW, uma imoto yesibili noma yesithathu ixhuma kwezinye iziteshi zokushaja kule ndawo yokupaka, umthwalo kuzo zonke iziteshi zokushaja uyancipha.
Umgomo uwukusabalalisa nokulinganisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla.Kodwa ngokwamazinga e-federal, ileveli 3 kufanele njalo inikeze okungenani amandla angu-150 kW wokushaja, ngisho nalapho uhlukanisa amandla.Ngakho-ke lapho iziteshi zokushaja eziyi-10 kanye kanye zishaja imoto kagesi, amandla esewonke asengu-1,500 kW - umthwalo omkhulu kagesi endaweni eyodwa, kodwa awudingi kakhulu kugridi kunazo zonke iziteshi zokushaja ezisebenza ngo-350 kW ngokugcwele.
Njengoba izitolo ezingomahambanendlwana zisebenzisa ukushaja okusheshayo, kuzodingeka zisebenzisane nomasipala, izinsiza, onjiniyela bakagesi nabanye ochwepheshe ukuze banqume ukuthi yini engenzeka phakathi kwezithiyo zenethiwekhi ezikhulayo.Ukufaka amashaja amabili eleveli 3 kungase kusebenze kwamanye amasayithi, kodwa hhayi ayisishiyagalombili noma ayi-10.
Ukunikeza ulwazi lobuchwepheshe kungasiza abathengisi bakhethe abakhiqizi bemishini yokushaja i-EV, bathuthukise izinhlelo zesayithi, futhi balethe amabhidi wokusetshenziswa.
Ngeshwa, kungase kube nzima ukunquma kusengaphambili umthamo wenethiwekhi ngoba izinsiza eziningi azikubiki esidlangalaleni uma isiteshi esincane esithile sicishe sigcwale kakhulu.Ngemuva kokusetshenziswa kwe-c-store, insiza izokwenza ucwaningo olukhethekile lobudlelwano, bese ihlinzeka ngemiphumela.
Uma sekugunyaziwe, abathengisi bangase badinge ukungeza amapayipi amakhulu wesigaba esingu-3 we-480 volt ukuze basekele amashaja e-Tier 3.Kungase kube izindleko eziphumelelayo ukuthi izitolo ezintsha zibe nesevisi yenhlanganisela lapho ugesi usebenza khona ezitezi ezi-3 bese uthepha ukuze usevise isakhiwo kunamasevisi amabili ahlukene.
Okokugcina, abathengisi kufanele bahlele izimo zokwamukelwa kabanzi kwezimoto zikagesi.Uma inkampani ikholelwa ukuthi amashaja amabili ahlelelwe isiza esidumile angakhula afike ku-10 ngosuku olulodwa, kungase konge kakhulu ukubeka amapayipi engeziwe manje kunokuhlanza umgwaqo kamuva.
Emashumini eminyaka adlule, abenzi bezinqumo zezitolo ezilula bathole ulwazi olubalulekile kwezomnotho, ezokuthutha kanye nobuchwepheshe bebhizinisi likaphethiloli.Amathrekhi ahambisanayo namuhla angaba yindlela enhle yokunqoba umncintiswano emjahweni wezimoto zikagesi.
UScott West ungunjiniyela omkhulu wemishini, uchwepheshe wokonga amandla, kanye nomklami oholayo e-HFA e-Fort Worth, eTexas, lapho esebenza khona nabathengisi abambalwa kumaphrojekthi wokushaja ama-EV.Angathintwa ku- [email protected].
Inothi Lomhleli: Le kholomu imele umbono wombhali kuphela, hhayi indawo yokubuka yezindaba zesitolo esisebenziseka kalula.